Tourism Industry in Amsterdam

Executive Summary The tourism industry in Amsterdam has become important for the economic development of the city. It attracts millions of people who may have different lifestyles, interests, and values. It is characterized by extreme competitiveness among businesses.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tourism Industry in Amsterdam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The growth of this economic sector can be attributed to the cultural heritage of Amsterdam and entertainment opportunities that it can offer. This area of economy is still open to new entrants. Introduction This report is aimed at examining the peculiarities of tourism industry in Amsterdam. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the way in which various external and internal factors can shape it. Much attention should be paid to political, social, economic, technological, and other forces. Moreover, one should concentrate on the competitive environme nt of this industry. In this context, the term tourism industry can include various organizations such as hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and other businesses. Contemporary Amsterdam attracts people who have different values, priorities, or interests (Dunford 2003, p. 53). This popularity of this city gives rise to the development of a very competitive tourist industry (Statistics Netherlands 2012). These are the main issues that should be examined. Industry Analysis Industry overview and major trends This paper will be focused on hospitality institutions that operate in Amsterdam. Among them, one can distinguish hotels, restaurants, cafes, resorts, and other organizations that provide services to travelers. In the global context, its role is not very important since it constitutes only a small fraction of the national economy. Nevertheless, it does contribute to the development of global economy. For instance, in 2010, the city was visited by 5.3 million tourists (Research an d Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1). They brought extra revenues to airlines, and travel agencies that could be located in various countries. Overall, researchers believe that there are positive trends in the development of the Amsterdam tourism industry. In particular, they look at such indicators as the number of tourist arrivals or bed nights1 (Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1). Even during the economic recession, these indicators were growing. For example, the number of tourist arrivals grew by more re 10 percent during the period between 2007 and 2009 (Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, tourism industry in this city is resistant to the effects of global recession. This is one of the main aspects that should be taken into account. The city of Amsterdam and tourism Amsterdam can be viewed as the commercial and technological centers of the Netherlands. According to various rating agencies, this city is one of the most comfortable ones (Hobbes 2009, p. 115). This means that it has necessary infrastructure, educational organizations, recreational facilities that are important for the wellbeing of an individual. Furthermore, the city hosts numerous attractions such as Van Gogh Museum, canals, Hermitage Amsterdam, cannabis coffee shops, and so forth. Therefore, this city can appeal to tourists with different values and attitudes. There are two important effects of globalization on this city. In particular, one can speak about the growing number of in-coming travelers and intensification of trade. Currently, the population of Amsterdam is 802,938 people. In turn, the Amsterdam Area has 11 percent of the national GDP2 (Statistics Netherlands 2012). The economy of Amsterdam as well as the Netherlands is formal. This means that businesses are monitored and regulated. The main consequence of this regulation is that the rights of clients are better protected. These are the main aspects that can be singled out. PESTL Model The external environment of the industry can be examined with the help of PESTL model that can throw light on political, legal, economic, technological and ecological forces. Political and legal environment The government of the Netherlands can be described as a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. This country does not face any risk of civil conflict or political instability. The strong protection of property and civic rights is the main political and legal factor that will contributes to the growth of hospitality industry (Musterd 2003, p. 88).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tourism Industry in Amsterdam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, it can lead to the increased flow of direct investment into various hotels, restaurants or other hospitality institutions. There are other forces that strengthen the confidence of investors and customers. Among them, one can single out transparency of the legal system and extremely low levels of corruption (Taekema 2011, p. 7). Moreover, economists focus on such an indicator as ease of doing business. Amsterdam is ranked 26th in this rankings (Amen 2013, p. 186). Therefore, the representative of the tourism Industry can find this legal and political environment very attractive Economic forces influencing the tourist industry in Amsterdam The growth in this industry is determined by the increasing globalization and the growing number of travelers. Hospitality institutions can be affected by various economic factors. Much attention should be paid to the purchasing power of clients who come from other European countries and the United States. Therefore, the tourism industry in Amsterdam can be influenced by many other industries . The Netherlands is regarded as a country where entrepreneurs can easily find credit for their businesses. Moreover, the country is an advanced economy with very low inflation rates (Banach 2008, p. 58). One can say that the tourism industry in Amsterdam is very competitive. This is why it is difficult for a single company to gain leadership. They have to provide services with the best ratio of price and quality. Socio-cultural environment and tourism industry in Amsterdam There are several social and cultural forces that can be important for the development of tourism in Amsterdam. Although, Dutch is the only official language, local people can also speak German, English, and French. Therefore, tourists do not find it difficult to communicate with local people. It should be noted that religion does not play a strong role in the social or cultural life of the country. Moreover, the cultural norms adopted in the Netherlands as well as Amsterdam tolerate different forms of religious worship. This issue is also of great importance to leisure travelers. Finally, one should remember that the country has legitimized the use of cannabis, and this policy led to the growth of drug tourism in Amsterdam (Dunford 2003, p. 53).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technology and the tourism industry Technology has been critical for the hospitality institutions in Amsterdam because with its help they can better attract clients. For instance, many hotels and restaurants develop their own websites in effort to attract clients from various countries. Amsterdam can also be viewed as a place where technological innovation is encouraged. As a rule, the emphasis is placed on the adoption of technologies which can reduce the pollution of water, air, or soil (McDonald 2011). This issue is particularly relevant if one speaks about transportation. This policy makes the city more appealing to tourists. Overall, Amsterdam has a well-developed infrastructure which includes information technologies, sea transportation, and advanced medical care. Ecological and environmental challenges The main environmental challenge is the increased risk of floods. It affects various types of businesses including hospitality organizations. They have to spend extra costs on flood insurance (Botzen 2013). This environmental challenge can become more important in the future, especially if sea level rises. Competitive environment and Five Forces Analysis The competitive environment of this Industry can be analyzed with the help of 5 Forces Model which helps to examine the internal and external environment of an industry. The threat of new entrants Hospitality institutions that are based in Amsterdam should remember that in this industry the threat of new entrants is high. This situation can be explained by the fact that the capital requirements are lower in comparison with other industries. Furthermore, there are no legal barriers that can prevent other companies from entering this market. The threat of substitute products The threat of substitute products is very low in this industry. Amsterdam offers a unique combination of various cultural sites and entertainment opportunities. Therefore, it is not likely that the tourists can go to a different locatio n. The bargaining power of suppliers In the tourist industry, there are businesses that act as suppliers. One should focus on the role played by travel agencies. These organizations provide information about various hotels in Amsterdam, restaurants, airline companies, and so forth. In other words, they can shape customers’ opinions. Secondly, it is important to speak about the suppliers providing foods and beverages to the hospitality industry. Yet, their bargaining power is not very high because they have to compete with one another. Moreover, hospitality organizations are important for their profitability. The bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of clients is very strong because they do not have to face any switching costs. They can choose among different hotels, restaurants, airlines, and so forth. Furthermore, the services offered by local hospitality organizations are not very differentiated. This is why buyers can profoundly influence the performance of the tourism industry in Amsterdam. Intensity of competition The tourism sector in Amsterdam is characterized by intense competition. It should be kept in mind that there are many businesses which can offer similar services to clients. This is why they have to improve their services or even lower prices in order to attract customers. This is how they try to differentiate themselves among consumers. Ethical Dimensions The representatives of the tourist industry in Amsterdam have to make sure that their customers are not exposed to any risks. This issue should be considered by the managers of coffee shows where clients can purchase cannabis (Owens 2009). Similarly, Amsterdam is a popular destination for people who are interested in sex tourism. Therefore, the organizations should take precautions to safeguard their privacy and confidentiality. Key findings Overall, the examples provided in this paper can be used to identify the main traits of the tourist industry in Amsterdam. One should f ocus on the following aspects: intense competition among various hospitality organizations; the diversity of cultural sites and entertainment opportunities; the presence of legal safeguards that protect investors and clients; attractiveness to people who may have various values and lifestyles; well-developed infrastructure. Although, this industry is very competitive, it can still offer opportunities for clients and new businesses. This is the main argument that can be put forward. Appendixes Picture One: Tourist arrivals and bed nights (Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1) Picture Two: The economic performance of Amsterdam Region (Statistics Netherlands 2012) References Amen, M 2013, Cities and Global Governance: New Sites foar International Relations, Ashgate Publishing, New York. Banach G 2008, Policies in the European Union Unfair for Certain Countries?, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg. Botzen, W 2013, Managing Extreme Clim ate Change Risks Through Insurance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Dunford, M 2003, The Rough Guide to Amsterdam, Rough Guides, Boston. Hobbes, J 2009, World Regional Geography, Cengage Learning, New York. Research and Statistics Economic Development Department 2011, City of Amsterdam: Fact Sheet. Web. McDonald, G 2011, Frommer’s Amsterdam Day by Day, John Wiley Sons, Boston. Musterd, S 2003, Amsterdam Human Capital, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam. Owens, L 2009, Cracking Under Pressure: Narrating the Decline of the Amsterdam Squatters’ Movement, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam. Statistics Netherlands. (2012). Greater Amsterdam economically powerful region. Web. Taekema, S 2011, Understanding Dutch Law, Eleven International Publishing, Amsterdam. Footnotes 1 Please, refer to the Appendixes, Picture 1 2 Appendixes, Picture 2 This report on Tourism Industry in Amsterdam was written and submitted by user L1l1ana to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

BNZ Situational Analysis Essays

BNZ Situational Analysis Essays BNZ Situational Analysis Essay BNZ Situational Analysis Essay There are 4. 42 million people living in New Zealand, and over 470,000 enterprises operating in New Zealand, which means their potential market size is very large. Competitive Environment The main competitors of the BENZ are Kickback, Western, ANZA and ASP. There are other smaller banks in New Zealand but these are their main competition. Kickback is 100% New Zealand owned and operated, while the BENZ is part of the National Australia Bank group. Customers may feel more comfortable banking with an entirely New Zealand owned business. Western offers free workshops on managing money to their customers. Customers who do not have good skills in managing their money may be more inclined to bank with Western because they offer this service. ANZA offers bonus bonds, which give New Slanderer a unique way to save and a chance to win cash prizes. Macro-Environment (PEST) Technological Environment: Technology is constantly evolving. This gives BENZ the opportunity to gain competitive advantages over their opposition by developing and expanding their services. Due to the increased ownership of smartness and tablets, consumers have become more reliant on Internet banking and mobile banking APS. Political Environment: The BENZ is registered as a bank under the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989. The Act gives the URBAN the powers to register and supervise banks for the purpose of promoting the maintenance of a sound efficient financial system and: avoiding significant damage to the financial system that could result from the failure of a registered bank. This means they can legally operate as a bank in New Zealand. Economic Environment: The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has put restrictions on lending to customers who have a Loan to Volume Ratio (LIVER) of over 80%. This means homebuilders with a deposit of less than 20% will find it difficult to get loan. TOWS Analysis Threats Competitors. There are other large banks operating within New Zealand. These other banks are constantly competing to attract customers by offering them the best deals and other products that may set them apart from the BENZ. Restrictions on LIVER. Due to a recent change in law, banks are only allowed to have a certain percentage of their loans on a high LIVER which could lead to a reduction in home loans as due to rising house prices many people cannot afford a large deposit on a home. A deduction in home loans could potentially lower the banks profit. Opportunities Technological Advances. Technology is evolving quickly and people are becoming more reliant on it. The BENZ have one of the top Internet banking systems and mobile phone banking APS, Younger. Technological advances give the BENZ the opportunity to build on these products and look into developing new, innovative banking APS which could potentially give them an advantage over their competitors and attract more technology as. N. Y customers. An ever-increasing labor force. The growing labor force provides a greater potential customer base. Weaknesses The BENZ are not 100% New Zealand owned and operated . The BENZ is part of the National Australia Bank Group. Customers may feel hesitant about banking with a bank that is not entirely New Zealand owned. Strengths They are a trusted NZ bank with a large customer base . The BENZ have a large number of loyal customers who can potentially attract more customers to the BENZ; parents who are customers may open up an account for their children or tell other family members or friends about their positive experience banking with BENZ. They have an advanced and easy to use Internet banking system. The BENZ has recently created Younger, an Internet banking programmer that works like your brain does. This gives them an edge over their competitors, and is likely to attract students, workers and other people who rely on Internet banking. They are an environmentally friendly business. The BENZ places a large focus on the sustainability of their business and pride themselves in being environmentally conscious. For example, their newest buildings are constructed with sustainability in mind and have all attained a green star rating. This may attract customers who value environmentally friendly businesses. Bans target market is NZ businesses and individuals who are aged 18 years and over. However, they target businesses and individuals who are aged 25 and over more strongly. This is evident from their website homepage which feature advertisements on home loans, travel insurance and their Asian business team. It is important the BENZ continues to embrace the constant advances in technology in order to maintain upper hand over competitors in the technological environment. They can do this by being the first to invent state-of-the-art ways to bank such as using creating a way for smartness to be used to pay for things. To overcome the weakness of not being 100% NZ owned and operated, the BENZ should advertise to customers that although they are a subsidiary of The National Australia Bank Group, a fully empowered New Zealand Board of Directors governs the BENZ locally. This should reassure customers and make them less hesitant about banking with the BENZ due to them being Australian owned. The BENZ targets businesses and people aged 25 and over very successfully, although, it would be beneficial for them to expand their target market and place a greater emphasis on the younger generations. Younger generations are becoming more educated with a rising proportion of young people entering the workforce with tertiary qualifications. For the BENZ, this means a vast potential customer base of educated individuals. They have begun to target this generation by offering students, graduates and apprentices discounts on products such as Younger and also discounted interest rates. Another way they could target this younger market links back to utilizing technological advances since generation Y is more technically adept than any other generation.

The Rise of Public Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Rise of Public Education - Essay Example If any schooling was required, learning was best through father and son interaction. The system of education for the citizens (the professionals) is to learn under a reputable master, through experience, observation and experimentation. The best students are to progress on to higher learning. Aristotle, like Plato, believed that learning by experience is the better, and preferred, teaching method. They differ, however, on the government’s role. For Plato, government intervention begins when the citizen performs military or civil service at the age of twenty-five. Aristotle believed in a broader role for government. He proposed that children be commonly instructed, in publicly provided places, by government-appointed teachers. (Rit Nosotro) Americans assume that there have always been public schools in the US. Public education presupposes equal access for all, and converges with the democratic ideals that created the republic. Contrary to public belief, there was no public school system set up when the American Revolution triumphed. The people did not place the provision of education in the hands of government. There is even no mention of education in the Constitution. (Blumenfield 1999) American education historians consider the New England colonies of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire as the cradle of public education. Seventeenth century New England towns maintained common schools for children to learn to read. These common schools however differ from the present-day public schools because attendance was not compulsory, they were not publicly funded, and the more prevalent forms of learning was through private tutors and parents. Nevertheless, the New England common schools are considered as the precursor of public schools because law required them. Massachusetts had a law in 1647 that required providing education. Insuring that children learn to read and write were required for towns that had fifty

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Business - Essay Example Secondary school teachers are required to teach students aged between 9-15 years. They are entitled with roles such as instructing students on a given subject. Other roles that could be specified in the job description include planning curriculum (Western Connecticut State University 2013). The description should also include the role of the teacher as a motivator. Preparing the job description for a teacher entails coming up with the list of tasks related with the job and refining the tasks to come up with a summarized ideal list. The list clarifies the expectations of the employee on the applicants (acas 2012). Preparing the Person Specification A person specification includes the list of skill, qualifications, and experiences as well as other aspects that the successful candidate will be required to have. Preparing the person specification entails clearly stating the specific requirements in terms of skills and other professional and work related knowledge. Attracting the Right Ca ndidates (Advertising) Attracting the right candidate entails advertising the job in a mannerism that targets the right candidate. This involves using a job title that grabs the attention of job seekers. Be specific about the title to ensure that people without the relevant background do not apply. To ensure that the advertisement is not ignored, the responsibilities of the successful candidate should be clearly stated in addition to location, pay rate and other essential skills. Additionally, the advertisement should involve use of simple and comprehensible words. To make the application interesting the roles and responsibilities should be listed using bullets (acas 2012; (Graduaterecruitmentbureau 2013). Sending Out Applications Forms Application forms are frequently used to recruit new employees. It is filled by applicants and used for shortlisting purposes. The application form can be printed on paper and sent to the applicants through post. Moreover, the form can be documented electronically and sent through electronic email (Graduaterecruitmentbureau 2013). Shortlisting The process of shortlisting is used to eliminate unsuitable candidates. This entails checking if the applicants have fulfilled the specified educational requirements, have appropriate professional qualifications and experiences and if their CV show the required evidence of competency. Interviewing / Tests The aim of interview is to affirm the effectiveness of shortlisting. The interview should be designed with the aim of checking for personality fit, evaluate if the applicant is compatible and select the applicant who best meets the expectations. This entails asking questions agreed upon by the interviewing panel. The interview questions should test for creativity, vision, evaluating the applicant capability of dealing with situations, ability to influence other that is crucial for teaching. Moreover, the questions should test for communication ability and understanding of oneself and oth er (Western

Porter's Five Forces Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Porter's Five Forces Model - Essay Example It is needed to discuss to what extent that Porter's model of national competitive advantage adequately accounts for variations in national business systems and comparative economic performance. Porter's theoretical postulates on national competitive advantage have been critically examined by many authors. Egan (1995) suggests that Porter's focus on a specific country's success in international trade in one particular industry is of importance due to the fact that there is the untiring accent of the often superior model that the customer comes first. This paper examines Porter's emphasis on the four determinants (the Diamond) of the national competitive advantage (Porter, 1990). Porter's arguments on factor conditions go to the other extreme as well. He proposes that lack of resources would not act as a barrier to development, Eg. Switzerland, Singapore like countries. His demanding conditions are equally loaded with such positivity as a complicated domestic market and its implications in guaranteeing a competitive edge in international markets to the country concerned. Eg. wine industry of France. His related and supporting industries argument parenthetically emphasizes the technology-related benefits (Rao, & Holt, 2005). The spill-over effects of main industries lead to the creation of supporting industries and next the cyclical effect goes on and on to bring about a very positive outcome in competitive advantage, Eg. Italy's leather shoe industry. Finally his firm strategy, structure and rivalry related posture focuses on capital markets, individuals' career choices, management structures and strategic competitive environment in domestic markets. AnalysisOutline of Porter's Diamond of national competitiveness Competitive advantage in international trade is defined as "the nation's capacity to entice firms (both local and foreign) to use the country as a platform from which to conduct business" (Paulson, & Wilber, 2002). The sectoral strength /weakness analysis of a nation's economy to determine competitive advantage in international trade by Porter is a revolutionary idea which gathered some more drive during the post 1998 period. Whereas many economists have doubted the efficacy of Porter's conceptual framework of the "diamond of national competitiveness" basically owing to its many shortcomings in structural consistency, others agree that its theoretical underpinnings have stronger relevance to modern international trade context. Factor conditions, as Porter defined them, not only refer to mere physical resources such as land, labor and capital but also to some key or specialized factors which are being continuously created as against being inherited (Murmann, 2003). For example the firm continuously innovates and produces a specialized set of resources such as capital, skilled labor and infrastructure. After all such specialized resources cannot be copied by rivals - the resource-based view of the firm and leadership.Porter also discusses non-key or non-specialized resources such as unskilled labor. According to him they fail to create a permanent competitive advantage because they are not endowed with those difficult-to-duplicate characteristics that are inherent in specialized

The Press Agentry Model Media Essay

The Press Agentry Model Media Essay The earliest PR model to appear was press agentry or publicity. It emerged in the late 19th century and was characterized as one-way, source-to-receiver communication where the flow of information is only from the sender to the receiver. The sender is not much concerned about the second partys feedback, reviews and so on. Press agentry attempts to change the behavior of publics without changing the behavior of the organization. Under the press agentry, public relations strive for publicity in the media in almost any way possible. Grunig Hunt confirm that the model involves a propaganda function (Grunig Hunt, 1984 pp. 21) and academics such as Butterick (2009), Theaker (2004), and Johnston Zawawi (2004) agree that accuracy and credibility are somewhat compromised as the goal of the model is to influence the audience by manufacturing news, be that by way of stunts or explicit publicity seeking. Butterick (2009) states that practitioners who use this model become press agents, utilis ing a range of PR tools from press releases to publicity stunts which in turn ensures that an audience takes a specific course of action. Press agents did little research aside from monitoring the media in which they sought to place favorable articles about their clients. The prototype practitioner of this model was the American impresario P. T. Barnum. He promoted circuses and other entertainment venues such as the singer Jenny Lind. Publicity continues to be a component of contemporary American PR and is used in sports, entertainment and product publicity, although todays practitioners are less likely to take liberties with the truth. In Press Agentry publicity model, public relations expects enhance the reputation of the organization among the target audience, stakeholders, employees, partners, all other associated with it through manipulation. According to this model, hire public relations expects who create a positive image of their brand in the minds of target audience through arguments and reasoning. They influence their potential customers by simply imposing their ideas, thoughts, creative stories of their bran d, USPs of the products and so on. Flow of information takes place only from the public relations expects to the target audiences. (One-Way communication) Although J. Grunig and Hunt acknowledged that there had been public-relations-like activities throughout history, they claimed that the press agents of the mid-19th century were the first full- name specialists to practice public relations. These press agents practiced the press agentry/ publicity model of public relations for such heroes as Andrew Jackson, Daniel Boone, Buffalo Bill Cody, and Calamity Jane. The most prominent of these practitioners was P.T. Barnum, who skillfully promoted his circus performers using the axiom, There is a sucker born every minute. Curiosity and scepticism played a pivotal role in the success of the press agentry model in the 19th Century, as illustrated with Barnums stunt, and to this day it still does. Butterick (2009) points out that we only have to look at the inner editorial pages of the tabloid newspapers, the celebrity magazines or observe when a new movie or CD is launched to see the press agentry model in its purest form. Press agents like Max Clifford are often seen as masters of the industry, carefully manipulating the media coverage of their clients, as Butterick notes; even the so-called exclusive pictures of semi-naked celebrities on a beach in a Sunday newspaper can sometimes be the result of a collusion between the stars publicist and photographer. Although it is clear from the examples above that the press agentry model is still very much in use in the 21st Century, we can easily argue that the ethics involved in this model are highly questionable, and the admission from Grunig Hunt that the model has an element of propaganda attached to it does nothing to distil the negative connotations attached to PR as propaganda (Butterick, 2009). However, despite these criticisms, it is ultimately our curiosity and scepticism which ensures the press agentry model is still alive and well in the modern day. Although the modern day PR practitioner must be more au fait with the truth, the very foundations of the model still exist whether it be to publicise a sporting event, a theatre production, or the scariest film of the decade, as in the recent movie release Paranormal Activity (2009). We, the public, will either want to believe what we see, or find out for ourselves if our scepticism can be proven correct which is why this model still works for practitioners seeking to gain the illusive media spotlight and is therefore relevant for the 21st Century. Having established a need for the press agentry model in the 21st Century, we must now look at its successor; how it works, and how it continues to work today, in order to establish how relevant it remains. The public information model surfaced circa 1920, when, some say, the press agentry model started to lose credibility with journalists who had caught on to the press agents way of emitting the truth on many an occasion to get their clients into the media (Grunig Hunt, 1984). Although similar to the press agentry model in that it is characterised by a one way method of communication, the public information model differs because it is aimed at giving its audience clear and factual information. Press agentry is closely associated with publicity in the entertainment world. Press agentry is the practice of attracting the attention of the press through technique that manufactures news. Methods associated with press agentry include staged events, publicity stunts, faux rallies or gatherings, spinning, and hype. A common practice is the late 1800s and early 1900s, press agentry is not part of mainstream public relations. Rather, it is a practice primarily associated with major entertainment-related events, such as Hollywood premieres and boxing matches. The goal of press agentry is to attract attention rather than gain understanding. Even today, however, the term press agent is sometimes used interchangeably with publicist in traditional Broadway theater and motion picture industries. Todays entertainment industries are populated with publicists rather than press agents. Publicists are individuals skilled in media relations who attempt to get the name of their clients or events in the media by carefully constructing messages that inform, educate, and persuade. Some are astute in branding and positioning strategies to aid the careers and success of their clients. In contrast, press agents want attention either good or bad in most any form. Press agentry had been called persuasion for short-term advantage through the use of truth bending and even distortion, but it can also be simply the staging of provocative acts to get publicity and draw attention to an individual, event, or cause. Therefore, it is understandable that one of the earliest proponents of press agentry was Phineas Taylor (P.T) Barnum, the famed American showman and promoter who put gun Gen. Tom Thumb on exhibit and launched a mobile circus featuring Jumbo the elephant and freak shows. Barnum was a master of press agentry. For instance, he wrote letters both praising and criticizing his circus show to newspaper under an assumed name. In the early part of his career, Edward L. Bernays was also a master of press agentry. He persuaded 10 debutantes to hold up Lucky Strike cigarettes manufactured by his client, the American Tobacco Company, as torches of freedom while participating in New Yorks Easter parade. In 1929, Bernays staged a global news event by organizing the Lights Golden Jubilee, a worldwide calebration commemorating the 50th anniversary of the electric light bulb for his client, General Electric. Bernays managed to secure several prominent individuals for that event, including carmaker Henry Ford, electricity scientist Thomas Edison, and President Herbert Hoover. Henry Rogers, one of the founders of Rogers and Cowan, the largest and most successful West Coast entertainment publicity firm, became well known when he promoted an unknown contract player for Columbia Pictures named Rita Hayworth. He contacted Look magazine with a telegram from the Fashion Couturiers Association of America, a fictitious group, claiming that Hayworth was the best-dressed off-screen actress. Look magazine took the bait and put Hayworth on the cover and published 10 pages of her photographs.

John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Essays Papers

Of Mice and Men In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there was a character by the name of Lennie, a mentally challenged man. Lennie who had the mind of a three-year-old and the body of a giant was a sweet, outgoing guy. Although Lennie never remembered anything, he always remembered the words of his father figure George’s words. One of Lennies most passionate qualities was his love for animals; the way he cared for the touch of soft things made that love even stronger. In Lennie there was a special, passionate, and forgetful man. Lennie, whose brain didn’t develop properly often acted like a small child, yet had the strength of 10 men put together. These characteristics were presented to us by the way he would always ask questions and run around like a young rambunctious kid, although he had the power to kill animals by simply petting them. Lennie was childlike by the way he portrayed his emotion, like running away and crying when yelled at. Even though Lennie never meant any harm to anyone he had more power than he knew what to do with, when trying to stop the wife from screaming, he snapped her neck without even knowing it. In conclusion Lennie was a strong powerful man, even if at heart he was a simple child. The passion Lennie often showed was that of his love of soft things. Lennie couldn’t resist petting and stroking the smooth, lovely beings. Lennie when trying to explain his desire for nice surfaces, to prove he wasn’t crazy said to the wife â€Å" No I ain’t,† â€Å" George says I ain’t. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof’ things.† This was 1 of many statements Lennie used to describe this passion. So after al, Lennie who may have often hurt animals and people, never meant for it to happen, it was just his way of trying to show his true love for the species. Although time and time again Lennie was told things, that for any other man would be simple to remember, Lennie constantly forgot. â€Å"I forgot,† Lennie said softly. â€Å"I tried not to forget. Honest to god I did, George.† This was a close resemble to the constant reply heard most from Lennie. Although there was one thing Lennie always remembered and that was the stories and answers that came from George. John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men :: Essays Papers Of Mice and Men In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there was a character by the name of Lennie, a mentally challenged man. Lennie who had the mind of a three-year-old and the body of a giant was a sweet, outgoing guy. Although Lennie never remembered anything, he always remembered the words of his father figure George’s words. One of Lennies most passionate qualities was his love for animals; the way he cared for the touch of soft things made that love even stronger. In Lennie there was a special, passionate, and forgetful man. Lennie, whose brain didn’t develop properly often acted like a small child, yet had the strength of 10 men put together. These characteristics were presented to us by the way he would always ask questions and run around like a young rambunctious kid, although he had the power to kill animals by simply petting them. Lennie was childlike by the way he portrayed his emotion, like running away and crying when yelled at. Even though Lennie never meant any harm to anyone he had more power than he knew what to do with, when trying to stop the wife from screaming, he snapped her neck without even knowing it. In conclusion Lennie was a strong powerful man, even if at heart he was a simple child. The passion Lennie often showed was that of his love of soft things. Lennie couldn’t resist petting and stroking the smooth, lovely beings. Lennie when trying to explain his desire for nice surfaces, to prove he wasn’t crazy said to the wife â€Å" No I ain’t,† â€Å" George says I ain’t. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof’ things.† This was 1 of many statements Lennie used to describe this passion. So after al, Lennie who may have often hurt animals and people, never meant for it to happen, it was just his way of trying to show his true love for the species. Although time and time again Lennie was told things, that for any other man would be simple to remember, Lennie constantly forgot. â€Å"I forgot,† Lennie said softly. â€Å"I tried not to forget. Honest to god I did, George.† This was a close resemble to the constant reply heard most from Lennie. Although there was one thing Lennie always remembered and that was the stories and answers that came from George.

Metabical Case Study Summary Essay

The Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (â€Å"CSP†) is an international healthcare company that had completed successful clinical trials for its newest weight loss prescription drug, Metabical. With the final FDA approval expected, Metabical’s launch was set for January 2009 and a clear marketing communications strategy needed to be in place before the launch. With 10 years and $400 million spent on research and development, it was imperative that CSP positions Metabical correctly in the marketplace. Optimal segmentation, targeting, and positioning were important factors to consider in order to ensure that the launch as well as post-launch marketing of the drug yielded strong sales and product longevity. Key Issues Analyzing the market and segmentation, and identifying the needs of the customers. The optimal marketing campaign would guarantee a better-off position of Metabical after the information search and alternative valuation that customers may perform. Furthermore, Metabical needs to be affordable and effective as it will only be available as a prescription drug and, at least initially, the patients would be required to purchase it as an â€Å"out of pocket† expense. Customers †¢General United Sates population struggling with excess weight (By 2000, 34% of the population was overweight, 25.8% classified as obese, and 4.7% was in the severely obese category) †¢End consumer (the patient): Moderately overweight people with the BMI of 25-30 †¢Men and women between the age 45-74 †¢Individuals with income between $40,000 and $80,000+   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Health care providers who would prescribe the medication as this is not a over-the-counter (â€Å"OTC†) drug †¢Managed healthcare insurance companies Customer decision making process: Need Recognition and problem awareness: a. Overweight Consumers – Many health and social stigmas are centered around excess weight. 35% of the respondents of the CSP sponsored market research are trying to lose weight and 15% of those are comfortable using drugs to reach ideal weight. The campaign must be focused in activating the latent needs of this segment (see Table 1, Annex). b. Healthcare providers – Health care providers are already aware of the benefits that a reduction in weight would play in their client’s health. However, they are not successful in counseling them to establish long-term healthy diet habits and exercise routines. Information search a.Overweight consumers – Once the customer has recognized the information and the need then he/she can research through personal sources such as family, friends, testimonials, advertising, promotions, and sales persons or contact the expert healthcare providers. b.Healthcare providers – Healthcare providers receive information reading through medical journals, attending conferences, and speaking with science and medical sales representatives and other experts. Evaluation of Alternatives: a.Overweight consumers An alternative for Metabical would be a plethora of OTC solutions such as Alli, the only FDA approved OTC drug, and a dietary supplement ephedra. These alternatives, however, are associated with various and serious negative side effects. The fact that Metabical is the only weight loss product that requires prescription may be a point in its favor, as a sign of safety and effectiveness. Metabical is also only required to be taken once a day. b.Healthcare providers: The vast majority of alternatives for Metabical either have a negative effect or are not regulated by the FDA. Metabical represents a safer choice, in legal terms, to recommend its use. As the only FDA approved drug, Metabical can stimulate substantial weight loss in customers and provides a comprehensive support and long-term weight maintenance program that enhances the success of the drug.

China, India, and Wal-Mart: Issues of Price, Quality, and Sourcing Essay

1. What are the ethical issues associated with Wal-Mart’s extensive sourcing of low-cost products from China? Wal-Mart pricing is too low. As the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart leverages its huge orders to convince factories to sell goods at low prices that are not sustainable. This puts pressure on other brands to pay less, thereby setting a dangerous industry precedent. According to Correspondent Hedrick Smith: â€Å"We heard that story again and again from American manufacturers in sectors as diverse as electronics, apparel, bicycles, furniture, and textiles. They expressed private dismay at the relentless pressure from the likes of Wal-Mart and Target to cut costs to the bone in America and then, when that did not satisfy the mass retailers, more pressure to move production to China or elsewhere offshore. But most did not dare to go on camera and tell their story publicly for fear of jeopardizing their remaining sales to Wal-Mart.† (Smith) Another ethical issue is safety of the products we receive and the working conditions of the outsourced employees. From the Wal-Mart routinely turns a blind eye to poor conditions in supplier factories unless investigations are made public. â€Å"Retailer admits fire safety aspects are not adequately covered in ethical sourcing audits†. (Yardley) Wal-Mart needs more transparent ethical sourcing efforts. â€Å"Wal-Mart buys more than $1 billion in garments from Bangladesh each year, attracted by the country’s $37-a-month minimum wage, the lowest in the world.†(Yardley) 2. Based on your experience, does Wal-Mart sacrifice product quality in order to offer customers low prices  ¾ always? Yes. I don’t really shop at Wal-Mart anymore. I don’t believe the price you pay is for a quality product. I would rather save up my money and buy it from another retailer with a good reputation. I believe in the saying â€Å"You get what you pay for†. I have a problem with how they treat employees and when you go in the stores these days there are definite operation issues: Customers and analysts have noticed the operational problems in the stores, Wal-Mart associates have felt the impact most acutely. In the first national independent poll of Wal-Mart associates, conducted by Lake Research Partners in May and June of 2011, concerns about staffing levels were broadly cited by associates among top three things they would change with the company, after higher pay and more respect on the job. Among the other findings: * Nearly  ¾ say understaffing has created problems such as stock-outs, messy stores and poor customer service; * In contrast to company statements regarding high levels of employee satisfaction, 84% say they would take a better job if they could find one *  ½ say they are living paycheck to paycheck; only 14% describe their household as living comfortably. Across the country the reductions in staffing have translated into significantly increased workloads. A few examples convey the scale of the changes: * An associate in the electronics department in Southern California: â€Å"There used to be four or five people in consumer electronics at any given time, now it’s one or two;† * An associate in overnight stocking in Southern California: â€Å"I used to do five pallets a night, now they say I have to do 12;† * A former assistant manager in Seattle: â€Å"Our store used to have about 600 employees, now it’s about 350.† (Marshall) What advice would you give to critics of Wal-Mart in order to enhance their impact on the company? To enhance their impact on governmental and regulatory agencies? To enhance their impact on society in general? I can’t seem to think of anything or in my research, it has all been negative. I would love to hear what others in our class had to say on this subject and the problem lies that I am not a fan either.

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buy custom America’s Role in Afghanistan essay Over the years America has been at loggerheads with the Arab countries topping the least Afghanistan and Iraq. The world sees it as war what with US troops milling into these countries and terrorist attacks the most recent being the September 11 attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in one of Americas major cities, New York. This essay will cover the situation between America and Muslim countries majoring on Afghanistan, Libya and Iraq. There have been a lot of propaganda concerning how America relates to these countries, some of it informed some ignorant. The Afghan people clearly do not view their relationship with the Americans the same way America does. While America insists that they are being of great assistance to these countries, these countries view their involvement in the running of their governments as oppressive almost colonial. The September 11 attack was definitely an act of defiance, an expression of how deep their disregard for America. Recently Iraq sa w American troops leave their country after operating in it for decades. The essay will look into the role America played while they were in Iraq, whether their intentions were well executed and what prompted their departure from Iraq after such a long time. Americas Role in Afghanistan In response to the Afghanistan based Al Qaeda terrorist attack, America marched into Afghanistan in October 2001 to wipe out the Taliban regime sponsored by terrorists and to oust the terrorist Al Qaeda group. Needless to say Afghanistan suffered a lot of harm both in infrastructure and economically. However, the then United States of America president on behalf of the country promised to stay and help rebuild Afghanistan and ensure they did not house international terrorists suffering more harm. The United States of America presented themselves as peace loving and intent on maintaining peace relations with Muslim countries. Quoting President George bush, America would support all who loved freedom and peace in their quest for democracy (Nimer 78). It is important that America is of real help to Afghanistan partly because they gave their word but mostly to prove to the Muslim countries that they can be trusted and that they have the Muslims interests at heart. This they hope to achieve through the reconstruction and availing of aid and security to Afghanistan. The US government officials claim to have improved the welfare of the Afghan people greatly. They have improved security and the political infrastructure introducing modern democracy. One of their biggest achievements has been freeing the Afghanistans from the Taliban regime which was very repressive. Among the beneficiaries of the end of the repressive Taliban rule are girls and women. They have been given a voice unlike before and they now enjoy equal rights with their male counterparts. More women are now working and more girls attending schools since the American liberation saw the reopening of girl schools. The establishment of modern democracy in Afghanistan is considered one of the biggest achievements in the Muslim countries, one that other Muslim countries are being pressured to acquire. (Klausen 105) Western commentators however do not all agree that America has improved the welfare and livelihood of the Afghan people by intervening. While some point out that Afghanistan is much better off after Americas intervention others insist that it is actually worse off. They view the situation in Afghanistan as deteriorating with continued repression of women, violation of human rights and increasing security problem issues. The Afghan people appear intimidated by Afghanistan warlords backed by the United States of America. Their efforts to improve living standards have been attacked every so often leaving the victims worse off. Girls are attacked as they head to school, girl schools have suffered violent attacks, cases of human rights violation and abuse are on the rise and the little progress America has made in this country risks being trampled upon. This has been blamed on faulty American policies in Afghanistan and has made other Muslim countries in which America has intervened, espe cially Iraq weary of American intervention. If the American intervention in Afghanistan is anything to go by, then Muslim countries are better off without it and on their own. However, a considerable percentage of the Afghan population is grateful to America and can confidently say America has greatly improved their welfare and restored hope to an otherwise hopeless situation. They acknowledge the improved infrastructure, the increased number of children attending school, the improved and steadily growing economy, the new constitution that fights for human rights and is against oppression and repression and especially the increasing return of refugees to their country. They attribute their renewed hope to America and the establishment of modern democracy in Afghanistan not to mention the absence of the Taliban regime. Afghan government officials are not wholly appreciative of American intervention but they can attest to the improved livelihood and the new sense of hope as opposed to former prevalence of desperation and despair, violence and destruction. They commend America for bringing peace, education and development to their country which would never have been achieved otherwise. However, Islam fundamentalists are greatly displeased by Americas almost forceful occupation and intervention of Afghanistan. They viw it as a violation of privacy and urge Muslims to stop disregarding the Islamic norms of loyalty and brotherhood. They say that the Afghan people are in a forced agreement with the Americans who are insensitive to their culture and religion. These Muslims who have known Islam all their lives are comfortable with their lives and do not appreciate modernity and other presumably noble ways of living being shoved down their throats forcefully. On the forefront of these claims is Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, an Afghan warlord who speaks for countless Afghanistans when he insists that the United States of America should back off and let them be. He asserts that the increasingly frequent attacks on foreigners by Afghanistan rebels are a clear indicator of their displeasure with the American intervention. In their letter to the President of the United States of America they imply that it would be an act of folly to repeat such an invasion in any other country. Hekmatyar is backed by a large number of Afghan people who claim that the United States of America has failed to fulfill their promises and the Afghan people have lost hope of ever seeing these promises be brought to fruition. They have also been discouraged by the poor communication of their discontent to the American government. In some parts of Afghanistan the Afghan people still suffer the same oppressive power and they are yet to see the United States of America fulfill their promise to rid the country completely of repressive governance. The Revolutionary Association of Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) asserts that America has not improved the condition of women who still suffer repressive rules and inhumane punishments such as being stoned to death for religious offenses. The United States of America is yet to honor its promis e to protect and fight for the rights of women and to improve their welfare. The Afghan people who are not contented with the American role in Afghanistan are convinced that America is only there to further its own interest and does not really care about the well being of the Afghan people as they claim to. Their constant ignoring of the peoples displeasure with warlords and their repressive governance while continuing to increase their political affluence has been used as evidence of their being interested in furthering their own economic and political interests only and not caring about the well being of the Afghan people. These recent failures by the United States of America do not aid in the trust issue seeing as they have betrayed the Afghanistan trust before. This occurred in the 1970s and 1980s when America walked away from Afghanistan after the withdrawal of the Soviets from Afghanistan. They were then left at the mercy of the Taliban, a repressive and extremely cruel regime and suffered great harm. This period saw tens of thousands of the Afghan people elope to other countries and the number of refugees increased tremendously. Terrorists found safe haven in Afghanistan and made it their training ground with the full support of the Taliban regime. The United States of America turned away from this situation and completely ignored them which betrayed the trust that Afghanistan had placed in them. America has managed to regain some of this trust especially from those who have benefited from their efforts to rebuild Afghanistan. However, those who are yet to benefit from their intervention are yet to trust them and even if they did benefit from American intervention, there is no assurance that it would be long term. This is not to say however, that Americans have not made tremendous progress in Afghanistan. They still have a long way to go but they have come a long way. Considering the dire condition Afghanistan was in before the intervention of the United states of America it is to be expected that it will take a great deal of time and effort to even remotely get Afghanistan to be considered a developed country. There are still numerous cases of oppression especially against women, the percentage of literate people is less than ten, Life expectancy for the population which survives adulthood is forty eight which is pretty low. The countrys infrastructure both economically and physically is totally ruined what with the earth still full of Russian land mines. The Afghan people still suffer from landmines placed in the earth and thousands have had to have their limbs amputated. It will take a great amount of skill, patience, integrity, manpower and sheer willpower to get Afghanistan off its feet and well on its way to being a developed democratic country. This task that the United States of America has undertaken is not an easy one and the opposition they are getting from most Afghan people is not helping. Whether or not intervening in Afghanistan in spite of protest from Afghan people is noble is arguable and a discussion for another day. However, their intentions are good and whether or not they satisfy their own interests in the process of aiding Afghanistan is also a discussion for another day. It is important to note however that it is inevitable that a democratic and developed Afghanistan will serve Americas economic and political interests but this will not be at the expense of the welfare of Afghan people but will actually be for their good as well. We can safely assert that America has and is still playing an important and much required role in Afghanistan. In as much as this role is not wholly appreciated, Afghanistan is better off with the intervention of America than without (Cesari 220). AMERICAS ROLE IN LIBYA LIBYA has been through a tough time under the regime of Muammar Qadaffi. His regime has seen the deterioration of Libyas economy, physical infrastructure and overall development. The Libyans are yet to recover from the oppressive rule they suffered under the dictatorship of Qadaffi. Republican lawmakers have been advocating for America to help reconstruct Libya and help them get back on their feet. The Libyan economy has suffered greatly especially in recent years under Qadaffis regime. America is ready to release the sum of monies in assets which they had frozen during Qadaffis regime. If America did intervene they would not only need to aide in the Libyan economy but in the establishment of a democratic government seeing as the Libyans had been under dictatorship for about four decades. Having learnt from experience this time the United States of America knew better than to forcefully remove Qadaffi from power even when they had the power and means to do so and regardless of the support they would get from Libyans and Americans alike. They had gone down that road before with Iraq and it had been a grave mistake. The loss of lives and huge sums of money that they suffered when they forcefully intervened in Iraq was not an occurrence they cared to repeat. This however, does not mean that they were completely lacking in influencing the Libyans to turn against Colonell Qadaffi. They did promise to limit their military involvement in removing Qadaffi from power and they kept their word. They however helped campaign against him and expose his repressive dictatorship rule against the Libyans. President Obama admitted that even though they would refrain from applying military force to drive Qadaffi out of power they would use other means to ensure he was dethroned and to see that the Libyans were free of his oppressive rule. This move was well received especially by the Libyans since it showed that America respected the right of the people to make their own decisions and to choose their own leaders. This time round the intervention of the United States of America was considered more respectful since they did not impose their decisions on the Libyans without regard for their thoughts and definitely not without their permission. There have been a good number of liberals who have criticized President Obamas move as too slow and who think that forceful intervention is necessary especially in order to avert the possibility of war. President Obama seems uncertain about the extent to which America should intervene and whether or not it is up to them to intervene in Libya however good their intentions. He asserted that however much they wanted President Qadaffi out they would not involve military force or go as far as throwing him out of power. He left that task up to the Libyan military after of course assisting in exposing why this was necessary. This of course spurred a lot of unrest among the Americans since Libya was considered a threat as long as Qadaffi was in power. It was therefore expected that President Obama would be more aggressive in ensuring he either stepped down or thrown out of power. However even after Qadaffi was forced out of power the President of the United States of America, Obama, has show n the same reluctance to intervene in Libyan affairs. LEAVING IRAQ Americas forceful intervention in Iraq in 2003 spurred a lot of heated debates about the nobility of such an action. Up to date there are still rational arguments for as well as against such an action and this move had strong supporters just as it was strongly opposed. However over the years America has had a positive effect on Iraq. There has been peace, economic and infrastructural development and improved living standards. This year however America decided to pull out completely and called off all the American troops. This has been done in spite of Iraqs interest to maintain access to the US military expertise. America stated that this decision came amid emerging political changes in the Middle East countries as well as a shift in the US military priorities. CONCLUSION The United States of America is a super power and is obviously capable of majorly impacting a third world country. They have been accused before of throwing their weight around especially after the forceful intervention of Iraq. Their intervention more often than not is beneficial to the people whose country they intervene. They have a way of establishing democracy and aiding in a countrys development and economic well being. Their intervention however is not devoid of a couple of challenges including realizing to what extent they can impose their rules and laws. In most cases they have no regard for culture and religion which is mildly insulting to devout religious followers especially the Muslims. Their intervention of Iraq saw the loss of a lot of American and Iraqi lives. However there is no telling how much worse it could have been had they not forcefully intervened. The war and destruction that was averted as a result of their forceful intervention in Iraq has been a justification of the invasion. Eventually even the Iraq people embraced the expertise and development they brought into the country. Peace was restored, the country developed economically and physically through improved infrastructure and technology and the levels of literacy rose (Csari 99). 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Toxicological poisoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toxicological poisoning - Essay Example The potential of carbon monoxide for toxicological poisoning is manifested when it is inhaled by members of the household. The harmful effect caused by the inhalation of carbon monoxide is that these toxic chemical compounds combines with the hemoglobin in the blood, thus preventing the body from absorbing oxygen and the adverse result is asphyxiation. The treatment of asphyxiation is to make use of artificial respiration to prevent the patient from dying (Klaasen, 2001). Dishwashing liquids are usually in the kitchen and are used for washing utensils. These dishwashing liquids are actually toxic in nature and are poisonous when mistakenly swallowed. In order to prevent people from mistakenly swallowing these dishwashing liquids, they should be put in their right containers. The utensils that are washed with these dishwashing liquids should also be properly rinsed with water in order to remove any sign of the dishwashing liquids from them. These precautions would go a long way in red ucing the harmful effects caused by swallowing these dishwashing liquids. Note that people that mistakenly swallow these dishwashing liquids usually complain of stomach cramps and other stomach related illnesses. In order to reduce the effect of swallowing these dishwashing liquids, one should use purgatives (Klaasen, 2001). Laundry detergents as the name implies are chemical substances that are used for laundry purposes.

What makes American Design American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What makes American Design American - Essay Example America. AUDAC was a dramatic gesture at a crucial time in the development of the decorative arts in America. Many art historians have suggested that until 192 there was essentially no true form known as American design and that craftspeople in the United States from the 16th to the 19th centuries interpreted European prototype& Granted, the handmade copies of lath-century English furniture mode in Boston, Connecticut, New York, and Philadelphia were aesthetically of a high order. Some of the earliest examples of "true' American design appeared offer the Civil War. Americans were exposed to the new design trends from Europe - the most Influential of which may hove been japonisme the roots of Art Nouveau American design began to show itself as having unique traits particularly from the lost quarter of the 19th century. George Hunzinger as emigre-craftsman, Louis Comfort Tiffany as native artist-designer, Frank Furness as designer-architect, and the Herter Brothers as manufacturer are prime examples of producers with an American aesthetic. - From Vienna, Austria, architect-designer Joseph Urban, furniture-designer Pour Frankl, designers Wolfgang and Polo Hoffmann, and architect Frederick Kiesler. - From Paris, France, decorative artist Paul lribe and industrial designer Raymond Loewy. - From New Zealand, industrial designer Joseph Sinel Walter von Nessen and Peter Muller-Munk and film set designers Hans Drier and Iribe become one of the first film art directors in America to offer the more baroque, if not bizarre, aspects of the Art Deco style in France, Those native Americans who attended 1925 French far included Donald Deskey, Kern Weber, Eugene Schoen, and Hollywood set-designer Cedric Gibbons, In the 192O, Ruth who become known for her fabric and carpet designs for Radio City Music Hall in New York City, was an art student in Paris. Few other American designers attended the event or were living in Paris at the time, although the city was packed with American literati. Soon after the fair, numerous American designers and soon-to-be AUDAC members traveled to Europe-Walter Dorwin Teague in 1926, Gilbert Rohde n 1927, Raymond Hood, and Ely Jacques Kahn-and the exposure is manifested in their subsequent work. Viennese architect Kiesler was the director of the Paris exposition's Austrian pavilion, designing its theater and architecture section. The influence of the French decorative arts at the exhibition was appreciable. Having lived in the U.S. for 14 years by 1928, hit commitment to ,American design was widely known. In the best tradition of European designers, AUDAC members were active in oil areas of design. in this book, Modern American Design, we find individual designers who were active in most of the minor-arts media interiors, lighting, textiles, industrial design, and graphics, For example, by 1929 Gilbert Rohde had become art active designer of furniture, textiles, lighting, Industrial products and interiors. Unlike American design and American organizations, European design often had a political agenda, whether or not overly expressed The UAM (Union des Artistes Modernes), which, was formed in Paris a year after AUDAC began, had members in the decorative arts, fine ants, and architecture-the full spectrum of art mineur and art majeur. French artist Amedes Ozenfont and Swiss architect Le Corbusier pointed out, "There is a hierarchy in the arts... decorative art is at the bottom." Nouveau pavilion A plethora of the new French Art Deco style furnishings and interiors filled pavilion at the fair. Neither the Bciuhcius nor Art Deco The apartment in the Hotel Delmonico's & 502 Park Avenue n New York designed by AUDAC's president Lee Simonson was more charming than many of the